Please also read insightful pages linked from “Notes on Debian” by Russ Allbery (long time Debian developer) which have best practices for advanced packaging topics.

12.1. 在 UTF-8 環境下構建

構建環境的預設語言環境是 C。

某些程式（如 Python3 的 read 函式）會根據區域設定改變行為。

新增以下程式碼到 debian/rules 檔案可以確保程式使用 C.UTF-8 的區域語言設定（locale）進行構建。

LC_ALL := C.UTF-8
export LC_ALL

12.2. UTF-8 轉換

If upstream documents are encoded in old encoding schemes, converting them to UTF-8 is a good idea.

Use the iconv command in the libc-bin package to convert the encoding of plain text files.

[debhello] $ iconv -f latin1 -t utf8 foo_in.txt > foo_out.txt

使用 w3m(1) 將 HTML 檔案轉換為 UTF-8 純文字檔案。執行此操作時，請確保在 UTF-8 語言環境下執行它。

[debhello] $ LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 w3m -o display_charset=UTF-8 \
        -cols 70 -dump -no-graph -T text/html \
        < foo_in.html > foo_out.txt

在 debian/rules 檔案的 override_dh_* 目標中執行這些指令碼。

12.3. Hints for Debugging

當您遇到構建問題或者生成的二進位制程式核心轉儲時，您需要自行解決他們。這就是除錯（debug）。

This is too deep a topic to describe here. So, let me just list few pointers and hints for some typical debug tools.

Wikipedia: “core dump”
- “man core”
- Update the “/etc/security/limits.conf” file to include the following:
```
* soft core unlimited
```
- “ulimit -c unlimited” in ~/.bashrc
- “ulimit -a” to check
- Press Ctrl-\ or “kill -ABRT 'PID'” to make a core dump file
gdb - The GNU Debugger
- “info gdb”
- “Debugging with GDB” in /usr/share/doc/gdb-doc/html/gdb/index.html
strace - 追蹤系統呼叫和訊號
- 使用 /usr/share/doc/strace/examples/ 中的 strace-graph 指令碼來建立一個好看的樹形圖
- “man strace”
ltrace - 追蹤程式庫呼叫
- “man ltrace”
“sh -n script.sh” - Syntax check of a Shell script
“sh -x script.sh” - Trace a Shell script
“python3 -m py_compile script.py” - Syntax check of a Python script
“python3 -mtrace --trace script.py” - Trace a Python script
“perl -I ../libpath -c script.pl” - Syntax check of a Perl script
“perl -d:Trace script.pl” - Trace a Perl script
- 安裝 libterm-readline-gnu-perl 套件或者同類型軟體來新增輸入行編輯功能與歷史記錄支援。
lsof - 按程序列出開啟的檔案
- “man lsof”

	提示
	script 命令能幫助記錄控制檯輸出。

	提示
	在 ssh 命令中搭配使用 screen 和 tmux 命令，能夠提供安全並且強健的遠端連線終端。

	提示
	A Python- and Shell-like REPL (=READ + EVAL + PRINT + LOOP) environment for Perl is offered by the reply command from the libreply-perl (new) package and the re.pl command from the libdevel-repl-perl (old) package.

	提示
	The rlwrap and rlfe commands add input line editing capability with history support to any interactive commands. E.g. “rlwrap dash -i'” .


章 11. Packaging with git		章 13. Tool usages

章 12. 小技巧

12.1. 在 UTF-8 環境下構建

12.2. UTF-8 轉換

12.3. Hints for Debugging