# Copyright 2012, Nachi Ueno, NTT MCL, Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import collections
import re

import netaddr
from oslo_config import cfg
from oslo_log import log as logging
import six

from neutron._i18n import _LI
from neutron.agent import firewall
from neutron.agent.linux import ip_conntrack
from neutron.agent.linux import ipset_manager
from neutron.agent.linux import iptables_comments as ic
from neutron.agent.linux import iptables_manager
from neutron.agent.linux import utils
from neutron.common import constants
from neutron.common import exceptions as n_exc
from neutron.common import ipv6_utils
from neutron.common import utils as c_utils


LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SG_CHAIN = 'sg-chain'
SPOOF_FILTER = 'spoof-filter'
CHAIN_NAME_PREFIX = {firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION: 'i',
                     firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION: 'o',
                     SPOOF_FILTER: 's'}
ICMPV6_ALLOWED_UNSPEC_ADDR_TYPES = [131, 135, 143]
IPSET_DIRECTION = {firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION: 'src',
                   firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION: 'dst'}
# length of all device prefixes (e.g. qvo, tap, qvb)
LINUX_DEV_PREFIX_LEN = 3
LINUX_DEV_LEN = 14
MAX_CONNTRACK_ZONES = 65535
comment_rule = iptables_manager.comment_rule


class mac_iptables(netaddr.mac_eui48):
    """mac format class for netaddr to match iptables representation."""
    word_sep = ':'


class IptablesFirewallDriver(firewall.FirewallDriver):
    """Driver which enforces security groups through iptables rules."""
    IPTABLES_DIRECTION = {firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION: 'physdev-out',
                          firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION: 'physdev-in'}

    def __init__(self, namespace=None):
        self.iptables = iptables_manager.IptablesManager(
            use_ipv6=ipv6_utils.is_enabled(),
            namespace=namespace)
        # TODO(majopela, shihanzhang): refactor out ipset to a separate
        # driver composed over this one
        self.ipset = ipset_manager.IpsetManager(namespace=namespace)
        self.ipconntrack = ip_conntrack.IpConntrackManager(
            self.get_device_zone, namespace=namespace)
        self._populate_initial_zone_map()
        # list of port which has security group
        self.filtered_ports = {}
        self.unfiltered_ports = {}
        self._add_fallback_chain_v4v6()
        self._defer_apply = False
        self._pre_defer_filtered_ports = None
        self._pre_defer_unfiltered_ports = None
        # List of security group rules for ports residing on this host
        self.sg_rules = {}
        self.pre_sg_rules = None
        # List of security group member ips for ports residing on this host
        self.sg_members = collections.defaultdict(
            lambda: collections.defaultdict(list))
        self.pre_sg_members = None
        self.enable_ipset = cfg.CONF.SECURITYGROUP.enable_ipset
        self._enabled_netfilter_for_bridges = False
        self.updated_rule_sg_ids = set()
        self.updated_sg_members = set()
        self.devices_with_updated_sg_members = collections.defaultdict(list)

    def _enable_netfilter_for_bridges(self):
        # we only need to set these values once, but it has to be when
        # we create a bridge; before that the bridge module might not
        # be loaded and the proc values aren't there.
        if self._enabled_netfilter_for_bridges:
            return
        else:
            self._enabled_netfilter_for_bridges = True

        # These proc values ensure that netfilter is enabled on
        # bridges; essential for enforcing security groups rules with
        # OVS Hybrid.  Distributions can differ on whether this is
        # enabled by default or not (Ubuntu - yes, Redhat - no, for
        # example).
        LOG.debug("Enabling netfilter for bridges")
        utils.execute(['sysctl', '-w',
                       'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables=1'],
                      run_as_root=True)
        utils.execute(['sysctl', '-w',
                       'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1'],
                      run_as_root=True)
        utils.execute(['sysctl', '-w',
                       'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1'],
                      run_as_root=True)

    @property
    def ports(self):
        return dict(self.filtered_ports, **self.unfiltered_ports)

    def _update_remote_security_group_members(self, sec_group_ids):
        for sg_id in sec_group_ids:
            for device in self.filtered_ports.values():
                if sg_id in device.get('security_group_source_groups', []):
                    self.devices_with_updated_sg_members[sg_id].append(device)

    def security_group_updated(self, action_type, sec_group_ids,
                               device_ids=None):
        device_ids = device_ids or []
        if action_type == 'sg_rule':
            self.updated_rule_sg_ids.update(sec_group_ids)
        elif action_type == 'sg_member':
            if device_ids:
                self.updated_sg_members.update(device_ids)
            else:
                self._update_remote_security_group_members(sec_group_ids)

    def update_security_group_rules(self, sg_id, sg_rules):
        LOG.debug("Update rules of security group (%s)", sg_id)
        self.sg_rules[sg_id] = sg_rules

    def update_security_group_members(self, sg_id, sg_members):
        LOG.debug("Update members of security group (%s)", sg_id)
        self.sg_members[sg_id] = collections.defaultdict(list, sg_members)

    def _set_ports(self, port):
        if not firewall.port_sec_enabled(port):
            self.unfiltered_ports[port['device']] = port
            self.filtered_ports.pop(port['device'], None)
        else:
            self.filtered_ports[port['device']] = port
            self.unfiltered_ports.pop(port['device'], None)

    def _unset_ports(self, port):
        self.unfiltered_ports.pop(port['device'], None)
        self.filtered_ports.pop(port['device'], None)

    def prepare_port_filter(self, port):
        LOG.debug("Preparing device (%s) filter", port['device'])
        self._remove_chains()
        self._set_ports(port)
        self._enable_netfilter_for_bridges()
        # each security group has it own chains
        self._setup_chains()
        return self.iptables.apply()

    def update_port_filter(self, port):
        LOG.debug("Updating device (%s) filter", port['device'])
        if port['device'] not in self.ports:
            LOG.info(_LI('Attempted to update port filter which is not '
                         'filtered %s'), port['device'])
            return
        self._remove_chains()
        self._set_ports(port)
        self._setup_chains()
        return self.iptables.apply()

    def remove_port_filter(self, port):
        LOG.debug("Removing device (%s) filter", port['device'])
        if port['device'] not in self.ports:
            LOG.info(_LI('Attempted to remove port filter which is not '
                         'filtered %r'), port)
            return
        self._remove_chains()
        self._unset_ports(port)
        self._setup_chains()
        return self.iptables.apply()

    def _add_accept_rule_port_sec(self, port, direction):
        self._update_port_sec_rules(port, direction, add=True)

    def _remove_rule_port_sec(self, port, direction):
        self._update_port_sec_rules(port, direction, add=False)

    def _remove_rule_from_chain_v4v6(self, chain_name, ipv4_rules, ipv6_rules):
        for rule in ipv4_rules:
            self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].remove_rule(chain_name, rule)

        for rule in ipv6_rules:
            self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].remove_rule(chain_name, rule)

    def _setup_chains(self):
        """Setup ingress and egress chain for a port."""
        if not self._defer_apply:
            self._setup_chains_apply(self.filtered_ports,
                                     self.unfiltered_ports)

    def _setup_chains_apply(self, ports, unfiltered_ports):
        self._add_chain_by_name_v4v6(SG_CHAIN)
        # sort by port so we always do this deterministically between
        # agent restarts and don't cause unnecessary rule differences
        for pname in sorted(ports):
            port = ports[pname]
            self._setup_chain(port, firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION)
            self._setup_chain(port, firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION)
        self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].add_rule(SG_CHAIN, '-j ACCEPT')
        self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].add_rule(SG_CHAIN, '-j ACCEPT')

        for port in unfiltered_ports.values():
            self._add_accept_rule_port_sec(port, firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION)
            self._add_accept_rule_port_sec(port, firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION)

    def _remove_chains(self):
        """Remove ingress and egress chain for a port."""
        if not self._defer_apply:
            self._remove_chains_apply(self.filtered_ports,
                                      self.unfiltered_ports)

    def _remove_chains_apply(self, ports, unfiltered_ports):
        for port in ports.values():
            self._remove_chain(port, firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION)
            self._remove_chain(port, firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION)
            self._remove_chain(port, SPOOF_FILTER)
        for port in unfiltered_ports.values():
            self._remove_rule_port_sec(port, firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION)
            self._remove_rule_port_sec(port, firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION)
        self._remove_chain_by_name_v4v6(SG_CHAIN)

    def _setup_chain(self, port, DIRECTION):
        self._add_chain(port, DIRECTION)
        self._add_rules_by_security_group(port, DIRECTION)

    def _remove_chain(self, port, DIRECTION):
        chain_name = self._port_chain_name(port, DIRECTION)
        self._remove_chain_by_name_v4v6(chain_name)

    def _add_fallback_chain_v4v6(self):
        self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].add_chain('sg-fallback')
        self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].add_rule('sg-fallback', '-j DROP',
                                              comment=ic.UNMATCH_DROP)
        self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].add_chain('sg-fallback')
        self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].add_rule('sg-fallback', '-j DROP',
                                              comment=ic.UNMATCH_DROP)

    def _add_raw_chain(self, chain_name):
        self.iptables.ipv4['raw'].add_chain(chain_name)
        self.iptables.ipv6['raw'].add_chain(chain_name)

    def _add_chain_by_name_v4v6(self, chain_name):
        self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].add_chain(chain_name)
        self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].add_chain(chain_name)

    def _remove_raw_chain(self, chain_name):
        self.iptables.ipv4['raw'].remove_chain(chain_name)
        self.iptables.ipv6['raw'].remove_chain(chain_name)

    def _remove_chain_by_name_v4v6(self, chain_name):
        self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].remove_chain(chain_name)
        self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].remove_chain(chain_name)

    def _add_rules_to_chain_v4v6(self, chain_name, ipv4_rules, ipv6_rules,
                                 comment=None):
        for rule in ipv4_rules:
            self.iptables.ipv4['filter'].add_rule(chain_name, rule,
                                                  comment=comment)

        for rule in ipv6_rules:
            self.iptables.ipv6['filter'].add_rule(chain_name, rule,
                                                  comment=comment)

    def _get_device_name(self, port):
        return port['device']

    def _update_port_sec_rules(self, port, direction, add=False):
        # add/remove rules in FORWARD and INPUT chain
        device = self._get_device_name(port)

        jump_rule = ['-m physdev --%s %s --physdev-is-bridged '
                     '-j ACCEPT' % (self.IPTABLES_DIRECTION[direction],
                                    device)]
        if add:
            self._add_rules_to_chain_v4v6(
                'FORWARD', jump_rule, jump_rule, comment=ic.PORT_SEC_ACCEPT)
        else:
            self._remove_rule_from_chain_v4v6('FORWARD', jump_rule, jump_rule)

        if direction == firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION:
            jump_rule = ['-m physdev --%s %s --physdev-is-bridged '
                         '-j ACCEPT' % (self.IPTABLES_DIRECTION[direction],
                                        device)]
            if add:
                self._add_rules_to_chain_v4v6('INPUT', jump_rule, jump_rule,
                                              comment=ic.PORT_SEC_ACCEPT)
            else:
                self._remove_rule_from_chain_v4v6(
                    'INPUT', jump_rule, jump_rule)

    def _add_chain(self, port, direction):
        chain_name = self._port_chain_name(port, direction)
        self._add_chain_by_name_v4v6(chain_name)

        # Note(nati) jump to the security group chain (SG_CHAIN)
        # This is needed because the packet may much two rule in port
        # if the two port is in the same host
        # We accept the packet at the end of SG_CHAIN.

        # jump to the security group chain
        device = self._get_device_name(port)
        jump_rule = ['-m physdev --%s %s --physdev-is-bridged '
                     '-j $%s' % (self.IPTABLES_DIRECTION[direction],
                                 device,
                                 SG_CHAIN)]
        self._add_rules_to_chain_v4v6('FORWARD', jump_rule, jump_rule,
                                      comment=ic.VM_INT_SG)

        # jump to the chain based on the device
        jump_rule = ['-m physdev --%s %s --physdev-is-bridged '
                     '-j $%s' % (self.IPTABLES_DIRECTION[direction],
                                 device,
                                 chain_name)]
        self._add_rules_to_chain_v4v6(SG_CHAIN, jump_rule, jump_rule,
                                      comment=ic.SG_TO_VM_SG)

        if direction == firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION:
            self._add_rules_to_chain_v4v6('INPUT', jump_rule, jump_rule,
                                          comment=ic.INPUT_TO_SG)

    def _split_sgr_by_ethertype(self, security_group_rules):
        ipv4_sg_rules = []
        ipv6_sg_rules = []
        for rule in security_group_rules:
            if rule.get('ethertype') == constants.IPv4:
                ipv4_sg_rules.append(rule)
            elif rule.get('ethertype') == constants.IPv6:
                if rule.get('protocol') == 'icmp':
                    rule['protocol'] = 'ipv6-icmp'
                ipv6_sg_rules.append(rule)
        return ipv4_sg_rules, ipv6_sg_rules

    def _select_sgr_by_direction(self, port, direction):
        return [rule
                for rule in port.get('security_group_rules', [])
                if rule['direction'] == direction]

    def _setup_spoof_filter_chain(self, port, table, mac_ip_pairs, rules):
        if mac_ip_pairs:
            chain_name = self._port_chain_name(port, SPOOF_FILTER)
            table.add_chain(chain_name)
            for mac, ip in mac_ip_pairs:
                if ip is None:
                    # If fixed_ips is [] this rule will be added to the end
                    # of the list after the allowed_address_pair rules.
                    table.add_rule(chain_name,
                                   '-m mac --mac-source %s -j RETURN'
                                   % mac.upper(), comment=ic.PAIR_ALLOW)
                else:
                    # we need to convert it into a prefix to match iptables
                    ip = c_utils.ip_to_cidr(ip)
                    table.add_rule(chain_name,
                                   '-s %s -m mac --mac-source %s -j RETURN'
                                   % (ip, mac.upper()), comment=ic.PAIR_ALLOW)
            table.add_rule(chain_name, '-j DROP', comment=ic.PAIR_DROP)
            rules.append('-j $%s' % chain_name)

    def _build_ipv4v6_mac_ip_list(self, mac, ip_address, mac_ipv4_pairs,
                                  mac_ipv6_pairs):
        mac = str(netaddr.EUI(mac, dialect=mac_iptables))
        if netaddr.IPNetwork(ip_address).version == 4:
            mac_ipv4_pairs.append((mac, ip_address))
        else:
            mac_ipv6_pairs.append((mac, ip_address))
            lla = str(ipv6_utils.get_ipv6_addr_by_EUI64(
                    constants.IPV6_LLA_PREFIX, mac))
            mac_ipv6_pairs.append((mac, lla))

    def _spoofing_rule(self, port, ipv4_rules, ipv6_rules):
        # Fixed rules for traffic sourced from unspecified addresses: 0.0.0.0
        # and ::
        # Allow dhcp client discovery and request
        ipv4_rules += [comment_rule('-s 0.0.0.0/32 -d 255.255.255.255/32 '
                                    '-p udp -m udp --sport 68 --dport 67 '
                                    '-j RETURN', comment=ic.DHCP_CLIENT)]
        # Allow neighbor solicitation and multicast listener discovery
        # from the unspecified address for duplicate address detection
        for icmp6_type in ICMPV6_ALLOWED_UNSPEC_ADDR_TYPES:
            ipv6_rules += [comment_rule('-s ::/128 -d ff02::/16 '
                                        '-p ipv6-icmp -m icmp6 '
                                        '--icmpv6-type %s -j RETURN' %
                                        icmp6_type,
                                        comment=ic.IPV6_ICMP_ALLOW)]
        mac_ipv4_pairs = []
        mac_ipv6_pairs = []

        if isinstance(port.get('allowed_address_pairs'), list):
            for address_pair in port['allowed_address_pairs']:
                self._build_ipv4v6_mac_ip_list(address_pair['mac_address'],
                                               address_pair['ip_address'],
                                               mac_ipv4_pairs,
                                               mac_ipv6_pairs)

        for ip in port['fixed_ips']:
            self._build_ipv4v6_mac_ip_list(port['mac_address'], ip,
                                           mac_ipv4_pairs, mac_ipv6_pairs)
        if not port['fixed_ips']:
            mac_ipv4_pairs.append((port['mac_address'], None))
            mac_ipv6_pairs.append((port['mac_address'], None))

        self._setup_spoof_filter_chain(port, self.iptables.ipv4['filter'],
                                       mac_ipv4_pairs, ipv4_rules)
        self._setup_spoof_filter_chain(port, self.iptables.ipv6['filter'],
                                       mac_ipv6_pairs, ipv6_rules)
        # Fixed rules for traffic after source address is verified
        # Allow dhcp client renewal and rebinding
        ipv4_rules += [comment_rule('-p udp -m udp --sport 68 --dport 67 '
                                    '-j RETURN', comment=ic.DHCP_CLIENT)]
        # Drop Router Advts from the port.
        ipv6_rules += [comment_rule('-p ipv6-icmp -m icmp6 --icmpv6-type %s '
                                    '-j DROP' % constants.ICMPV6_TYPE_RA,
                                    comment=ic.IPV6_RA_DROP)]
        ipv6_rules += [comment_rule('-p ipv6-icmp -j RETURN',
                                    comment=ic.IPV6_ICMP_ALLOW)]
        ipv6_rules += [comment_rule('-p udp -m udp --sport 546 '
                                    '-m udp --dport 547 '
                                    '-j RETURN', comment=ic.DHCP_CLIENT)]

    def _drop_dhcp_rule(self, ipv4_rules, ipv6_rules):
        #Note(nati) Drop dhcp packet from VM
        ipv4_rules += [comment_rule('-p udp -m udp --sport 67 '
                                    '-m udp --dport 68 '
                                    '-j DROP', comment=ic.DHCP_SPOOF)]
        ipv6_rules += [comment_rule('-p udp -m udp --sport 547 '
                                    '-m udp --dport 546 '
                                    '-j DROP', comment=ic.DHCP_SPOOF)]

    def _accept_inbound_icmpv6(self):
        # Allow multicast listener, neighbor solicitation and
        # neighbor advertisement into the instance
        icmpv6_rules = []
        for icmp6_type in constants.ICMPV6_ALLOWED_TYPES:
            icmpv6_rules += ['-p ipv6-icmp -m icmp6 --icmpv6-type %s '
                             '-j RETURN' % icmp6_type]
        return icmpv6_rules

    def _select_sg_rules_for_port(self, port, direction):
        """Select rules from the security groups the port is member of."""
        port_sg_ids = port.get('security_groups', [])
        port_rules = []

        for sg_id in port_sg_ids:
            for rule in self.sg_rules.get(sg_id, []):
                if rule['direction'] == direction:
                    if self.enable_ipset:
                        port_rules.append(rule)
                    else:
                        port_rules.extend(
                            self._expand_sg_rule_with_remote_ips(
                                rule, port, direction))
        return port_rules

    def _expand_sg_rule_with_remote_ips(self, rule, port, direction):
        """Expand a remote group rule to rule per remote group IP."""
        remote_group_id = rule.get('remote_group_id')
        if remote_group_id:
            ethertype = rule['ethertype']
            port_ips = port.get('fixed_ips', [])

            for ip in self.sg_members[remote_group_id][ethertype]:
                if ip not in port_ips:
                    ip_rule = rule.copy()
                    direction_ip_prefix = firewall.DIRECTION_IP_PREFIX[
                        direction]
                    ip_prefix = str(netaddr.IPNetwork(ip).cidr)
                    ip_rule[direction_ip_prefix] = ip_prefix
                    yield ip_rule
        else:
            yield rule

    def _get_remote_sg_ids(self, port, direction=None):
        sg_ids = port.get('security_groups', [])
        remote_sg_ids = {constants.IPv4: set(), constants.IPv6: set()}
        for sg_id in sg_ids:
            for rule in self.sg_rules.get(sg_id, []):
                if not direction or rule['direction'] == direction:
                    remote_sg_id = rule.get('remote_group_id')
                    ether_type = rule.get('ethertype')
                    if remote_sg_id and ether_type:
                        remote_sg_ids[ether_type].add(remote_sg_id)
        return remote_sg_ids

    def _add_rules_by_security_group(self, port, direction):
        # select rules for current port and direction
        security_group_rules = self._select_sgr_by_direction(port, direction)
        security_group_rules += self._select_sg_rules_for_port(port, direction)
        # make sure ipset members are updated for remote security groups
        if self.enable_ipset:
            remote_sg_ids = self._get_remote_sg_ids(port, direction)
            self._update_ipset_members(remote_sg_ids)
        # split groups by ip version
        # for ipv4, iptables command is used
        # for ipv6, iptables6 command is used
        ipv4_sg_rules, ipv6_sg_rules = self._split_sgr_by_ethertype(
            security_group_rules)
        ipv4_iptables_rules = []
        ipv6_iptables_rules = []
        # include fixed egress/ingress rules
        if direction == firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION:
            self._add_fixed_egress_rules(port,
                                         ipv4_iptables_rules,
                                         ipv6_iptables_rules)
        elif direction == firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION:
            ipv6_iptables_rules += self._accept_inbound_icmpv6()
        # include IPv4 and IPv6 iptable rules from security group
        ipv4_iptables_rules += self._convert_sgr_to_iptables_rules(
            ipv4_sg_rules)
        ipv6_iptables_rules += self._convert_sgr_to_iptables_rules(
            ipv6_sg_rules)
        # finally add the rules to the port chain for a given direction
        self._add_rules_to_chain_v4v6(self._port_chain_name(port, direction),
                                      ipv4_iptables_rules,
                                      ipv6_iptables_rules)

    def _add_fixed_egress_rules(self, port, ipv4_iptables_rules,
                                ipv6_iptables_rules):
        self._spoofing_rule(port,
                            ipv4_iptables_rules,
                            ipv6_iptables_rules)
        self._drop_dhcp_rule(ipv4_iptables_rules, ipv6_iptables_rules)

    def _update_ipset_members(self, security_group_ids):
        for ip_version, sg_ids in security_group_ids.items():
            for sg_id in sg_ids:
                current_ips = self.sg_members[sg_id][ip_version]
                self.ipset.set_members(sg_id, ip_version, current_ips)

    def _generate_ipset_rule_args(self, sg_rule, remote_gid):
        ethertype = sg_rule.get('ethertype')
        ipset_name = self.ipset.get_name(remote_gid, ethertype)
        if not self.ipset.set_name_exists(ipset_name):
            #NOTE(mangelajo): ipsets for empty groups are not created
            #                 thus we can't reference them.
            return None
        ipset_direction = IPSET_DIRECTION[sg_rule.get('direction')]
        args = self._generate_protocol_and_port_args(sg_rule)
        args += ['-m set', '--match-set', ipset_name, ipset_direction]
        args += ['-j RETURN']
        return args

    def _generate_protocol_and_port_args(self, sg_rule):
        args = self._protocol_arg(sg_rule.get('protocol'))
        args += self._port_arg('sport',
                               sg_rule.get('protocol'),
                               sg_rule.get('source_port_range_min'),
                               sg_rule.get('source_port_range_max'))
        args += self._port_arg('dport',
                               sg_rule.get('protocol'),
                               sg_rule.get('port_range_min'),
                               sg_rule.get('port_range_max'))
        return args

    def _generate_plain_rule_args(self, sg_rule):
        # These arguments MUST be in the format iptables-save will
        # display them: source/dest, protocol, sport, dport, target
        # Otherwise the iptables_manager code won't be able to find
        # them to preserve their [packet:byte] counts.
        args = self._ip_prefix_arg('s', sg_rule.get('source_ip_prefix'))
        args += self._ip_prefix_arg('d', sg_rule.get('dest_ip_prefix'))
        args += self._generate_protocol_and_port_args(sg_rule)
        args += ['-j RETURN']
        return args

    def _convert_sg_rule_to_iptables_args(self, sg_rule):
        remote_gid = sg_rule.get('remote_group_id')
        if self.enable_ipset and remote_gid:
            return self._generate_ipset_rule_args(sg_rule, remote_gid)
        else:
            return self._generate_plain_rule_args(sg_rule)

    def _convert_sgr_to_iptables_rules(self, security_group_rules):
        iptables_rules = []
        self._allow_established(iptables_rules)
        for rule in security_group_rules:
            args = self._convert_sg_rule_to_iptables_args(rule)
            if args:
                iptables_rules += [' '.join(args)]

        self._drop_invalid_packets(iptables_rules)
        iptables_rules += [comment_rule('-j $sg-fallback',
                                        comment=ic.UNMATCHED)]
        return iptables_rules

    def _drop_invalid_packets(self, iptables_rules):
        # Always drop invalid packets
        iptables_rules += [comment_rule('-m state --state ' 'INVALID -j DROP',
                                        comment=ic.INVALID_DROP)]
        return iptables_rules

    def _allow_established(self, iptables_rules):
        # Allow established connections
        iptables_rules += [comment_rule(
            '-m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j RETURN',
            comment=ic.ALLOW_ASSOC)]
        return iptables_rules

    def _protocol_arg(self, protocol):
        if not protocol:
            return []
        if protocol == 'icmpv6':
            protocol = 'ipv6-icmp'
        iptables_rule = ['-p', protocol]
        return iptables_rule

    def _port_arg(self, direction, protocol, port_range_min, port_range_max):
        if (protocol not in ['udp', 'tcp', 'icmp', 'ipv6-icmp']
            or port_range_min is None):
            return []

        protocol_modules = {'udp': 'udp', 'tcp': 'tcp',
                            'icmp': 'icmp', 'ipv6-icmp': 'icmp6'}
        # iptables adds '-m protocol' when the port number is specified
        args = ['-m', protocol_modules[protocol]]

        if protocol in ['icmp', 'ipv6-icmp']:
            protocol_type = 'icmpv6' if protocol == 'ipv6-icmp' else 'icmp'
            # Note(xuhanp): port_range_min/port_range_max represent
            # icmp type/code when protocol is icmp or icmpv6
            args += ['--%s-type' % protocol_type, '%s' % port_range_min]
            # icmp code can be 0 so we cannot use "if port_range_max" here
            if port_range_max is not None:
                args[-1] += '/%s' % port_range_max
        elif port_range_min == port_range_max:
            args += ['--%s' % direction, '%s' % (port_range_min,)]
        else:
            args += ['-m', 'multiport', '--%ss' % direction,
                     '%s:%s' % (port_range_min, port_range_max)]
        return args

    def _ip_prefix_arg(self, direction, ip_prefix):
        #NOTE (nati) : source_group_id is converted to list of source_
        # ip_prefix in server side
        if ip_prefix:
            if '/' not in ip_prefix:
                # we need to convert it into a prefix to match iptables
                ip_prefix = c_utils.ip_to_cidr(ip_prefix)
            elif ip_prefix.endswith('/0'):
                # an allow for every address is not a constraint so
                # iptables drops it
                return []
            return ['-%s' % direction, ip_prefix]
        return []

    def _port_chain_name(self, port, direction):
        return iptables_manager.get_chain_name(
            '%s%s' % (CHAIN_NAME_PREFIX[direction], port['device'][3:]))

    def filter_defer_apply_on(self):
        if not self._defer_apply:
            self.iptables.defer_apply_on()
            self._pre_defer_filtered_ports = dict(self.filtered_ports)
            self._pre_defer_unfiltered_ports = dict(self.unfiltered_ports)
            self.pre_sg_members = dict(self.sg_members)
            self.pre_sg_rules = dict(self.sg_rules)
            self._defer_apply = True

    def _remove_unused_security_group_info(self):
        """Remove any unnecessary local security group info or unused ipsets.

        This function has to be called after applying the last iptables
        rules, so we're in a point where no iptable rule depends
        on an ipset we're going to delete.
        """
        filtered_ports = self.filtered_ports.values()

        remote_sgs_to_remove = self._determine_remote_sgs_to_remove(
            filtered_ports)

        for ip_version, remote_sg_ids in six.iteritems(remote_sgs_to_remove):
            if self.enable_ipset:
                self._remove_ipsets_for_remote_sgs(ip_version, remote_sg_ids)

        self._remove_sg_members(remote_sgs_to_remove)

        # Remove unused security group rules
        for remove_group_id in self._determine_sg_rules_to_remove(
                filtered_ports):
            self.sg_rules.pop(remove_group_id, None)

    def _determine_remote_sgs_to_remove(self, filtered_ports):
        """Calculate which remote security groups we don't need anymore.

        We do the calculation for each ip_version.
        """
        sgs_to_remove_per_ipversion = {constants.IPv4: set(),
                                       constants.IPv6: set()}
        remote_group_id_sets = self._get_remote_sg_ids_sets_by_ipversion(
            filtered_ports)
        for ip_version, remote_group_id_set in (
                six.iteritems(remote_group_id_sets)):
            sgs_to_remove_per_ipversion[ip_version].update(
                set(self.pre_sg_members) - remote_group_id_set)
        return sgs_to_remove_per_ipversion

    def _get_remote_sg_ids_sets_by_ipversion(self, filtered_ports):
        """Given a port, calculates the remote sg references by ip_version."""
        remote_group_id_sets = {constants.IPv4: set(),
                                constants.IPv6: set()}
        for port in filtered_ports:
            remote_sg_ids = self._get_remote_sg_ids(port)
            for ip_version in (constants.IPv4, constants.IPv6):
                remote_group_id_sets[ip_version] |= remote_sg_ids[ip_version]
        return remote_group_id_sets

    def _determine_sg_rules_to_remove(self, filtered_ports):
        """Calculate which security groups need to be removed.

        We find out by subtracting our previous sg group ids,
        with the security groups associated to a set of ports.
        """
        port_group_ids = self._get_sg_ids_set_for_ports(filtered_ports)
        return set(self.pre_sg_rules) - port_group_ids

    def _get_sg_ids_set_for_ports(self, filtered_ports):
        """Get the port security group ids as a set."""
        port_group_ids = set()
        for port in filtered_ports:
            port_group_ids.update(port.get('security_groups', []))
        return port_group_ids

    def _remove_ipsets_for_remote_sgs(self, ip_version, remote_sg_ids):
        """Remove system ipsets matching the provided parameters."""
        for remote_sg_id in remote_sg_ids:
            self.ipset.destroy(remote_sg_id, ip_version)

    def _remove_sg_members(self, remote_sgs_to_remove):
        """Remove sg_member entries."""
        ipv4_sec_group_set = remote_sgs_to_remove.get(constants.IPv4)
        ipv6_sec_group_set = remote_sgs_to_remove.get(constants.IPv6)
        for sg_id in (ipv4_sec_group_set & ipv6_sec_group_set):
            if sg_id in self.sg_members:
                del self.sg_members[sg_id]

    def _find_deleted_sg_rules(self, sg_id):
        del_rules = list()
        for pre_rule in self.pre_sg_rules.get(sg_id, []):
            if pre_rule not in self.sg_rules.get(sg_id, []):
                del_rules.append(pre_rule)
        return del_rules

    def _find_devices_on_security_group(self, sg_id):
        device_list = list()
        for device in self.filtered_ports.values():
            if sg_id in device.get('security_groups', []):
                device_list.append(device)
        return device_list

    def _clean_deleted_sg_rule_conntrack_entries(self):
        deleted_sg_ids = set()
        for sg_id in self.updated_rule_sg_ids:
            del_rules = self._find_deleted_sg_rules(sg_id)
            if not del_rules:
                continue
            device_list = self._find_devices_on_security_group(sg_id)
            for rule in del_rules:
                self.ipconntrack.delete_conntrack_state_by_rule(
                    device_list, rule)
            deleted_sg_ids.add(sg_id)
        for id in deleted_sg_ids:
            self.updated_rule_sg_ids.remove(id)

    def _clean_updated_sg_member_conntrack_entries(self):
        updated_device_ids = set()
        for device in self.updated_sg_members:
            sec_group_change = False
            device_info = self.filtered_ports.get(device)
            pre_device_info = self._pre_defer_filtered_ports.get(device)
            if not device_info or not pre_device_info:
                continue
            for sg_id in pre_device_info.get('security_groups', []):
                if sg_id not in device_info.get('security_groups', []):
                    sec_group_change = True
                    break
            if not sec_group_change:
                continue
            for ethertype in [constants.IPv4, constants.IPv6]:
                self.ipconntrack.delete_conntrack_state_by_remote_ips(
                    [device_info], ethertype, set())
            updated_device_ids.add(device)
        for id in updated_device_ids:
            self.updated_sg_members.remove(id)

    def _clean_deleted_remote_sg_members_conntrack_entries(self):
        deleted_sg_ids = set()
        for sg_id, devices in self.devices_with_updated_sg_members.items():
            for ethertype in [constants.IPv4, constants.IPv6]:
                pre_ips = self._get_sg_members(
                    self.pre_sg_members, sg_id, ethertype)
                cur_ips = self._get_sg_members(
                    self.sg_members, sg_id, ethertype)
                ips = (pre_ips - cur_ips)
                if devices and ips:
                    self.ipconntrack.delete_conntrack_state_by_remote_ips(
                        devices, ethertype, ips)
            deleted_sg_ids.add(sg_id)
        for id in deleted_sg_ids:
            self.devices_with_updated_sg_members.pop(id, None)

    def _remove_conntrack_entries_from_sg_updates(self):
        self._clean_deleted_sg_rule_conntrack_entries()
        self._clean_updated_sg_member_conntrack_entries()
        self._clean_deleted_remote_sg_members_conntrack_entries()

    def _get_sg_members(self, sg_info, sg_id, ethertype):
        return set(sg_info.get(sg_id, {}).get(ethertype, []))

    def filter_defer_apply_off(self):
        if self._defer_apply:
            self._defer_apply = False
            self._remove_chains_apply(self._pre_defer_filtered_ports,
                                      self._pre_defer_unfiltered_ports)
            self._setup_chains_apply(self.filtered_ports,
                                     self.unfiltered_ports)
            self.iptables.defer_apply_off()
            self._remove_conntrack_entries_from_sg_updates()
            self._remove_unused_security_group_info()
            self._pre_defer_filtered_ports = None
            self._pre_defer_unfiltered_ports = None

    def _populate_initial_zone_map(self):
        """Setup the map between devices and zones based on current rules."""
        self._device_zone_map = {}
        rules = self.iptables.get_rules_for_table('raw')
        for rule in rules:
            match = re.match(r'.* --physdev-in (?P<dev>[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)'
                             r'.* -j CT --zone (?P<zone>\d+).*', rule)
            if match:
                # strip off any prefix that the interface is using
                short_port_id = match.group('dev')[LINUX_DEV_PREFIX_LEN:]
                self._device_zone_map[short_port_id] = int(match.group('zone'))
        LOG.debug("Populated conntrack zone map: %s", self._device_zone_map)

    def get_device_zone(self, port_id):
        # we have to key the device_zone_map based on the fragment of the port
        # UUID that shows up in the interface name. This is because the initial
        # map is populated strictly based on interface names that we don't know
        # the full UUID of.
        short_port_id = port_id[:(LINUX_DEV_LEN - LINUX_DEV_PREFIX_LEN)]
        try:
            return self._device_zone_map[short_port_id]
        except KeyError:
            return self._generate_device_zone(short_port_id)

    def _free_zones_from_removed_ports(self):
        """Clears any entries from the zone map of removed ports."""
        existing_ports = [
            port['device'][:(LINUX_DEV_LEN - LINUX_DEV_PREFIX_LEN)]
            for port in (list(self.filtered_ports.values()) +
                         list(self.unfiltered_ports.values()))
        ]
        removed = set(self._device_zone_map) - set(existing_ports)
        for dev in removed:
            self._device_zone_map.pop(dev, None)

    def _generate_device_zone(self, short_port_id):
        """Generates a unique conntrack zone for the passed in ID."""
        try:
            zone = self._find_open_zone()
        except n_exc.CTZoneExhaustedError:
            # Free some zones and try again, repeat failure will not be caught
            self._free_zones_from_removed_ports()
            zone = self._find_open_zone()

        self._device_zone_map[short_port_id] = zone
        LOG.debug("Assigned CT zone %(z)s to port %(dev)s.",
                  {'z': zone, 'dev': short_port_id})
        return self._device_zone_map[short_port_id]

    def _find_open_zone(self):
        # call set to dedup because old ports may be mapped to the same zone.
        zones_in_use = sorted(set(self._device_zone_map.values()))
        if not zones_in_use:
            return 1
        # attempt to increment onto the highest used zone first. if we hit the
        # end, go back and look for any gaps left by removed devices.
        last = zones_in_use[-1]
        if last < MAX_CONNTRACK_ZONES:
            return last + 1
        for index, used in enumerate(zones_in_use):
            if used - index != 1:
                # gap found, let's use it!
                return index + 1
        # conntrack zones exhausted :( :(
        raise n_exc.CTZoneExhaustedError()


class OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver(IptablesFirewallDriver):
    OVS_HYBRID_TAP_PREFIX = constants.TAP_DEVICE_PREFIX

    def _port_chain_name(self, port, direction):
        return iptables_manager.get_chain_name(
            '%s%s' % (CHAIN_NAME_PREFIX[direction], port['device']))

    def _get_device_name(self, port):
        return (self.OVS_HYBRID_TAP_PREFIX + port['device'])[:LINUX_DEV_LEN]

    def _get_br_device_name(self, port):
        return ('qvb' + port['device'])[:LINUX_DEV_LEN]

    def _get_jump_rule(self, port, direction):
        if direction == firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION:
            device = self._get_br_device_name(port)
        else:
            device = self._get_device_name(port)
        jump_rule = '-m physdev --physdev-in %s -j CT --zone %s' % (
            device, self.get_device_zone(port['device']))
        return jump_rule

    def _add_raw_chain_rules(self, port, direction):
        jump_rule = self._get_jump_rule(port, direction)
        self.iptables.ipv4['raw'].add_rule('PREROUTING', jump_rule)
        self.iptables.ipv6['raw'].add_rule('PREROUTING', jump_rule)

    def _remove_raw_chain_rules(self, port, direction):
        jump_rule = self._get_jump_rule(port, direction)
        self.iptables.ipv4['raw'].remove_rule('PREROUTING', jump_rule)
        self.iptables.ipv6['raw'].remove_rule('PREROUTING', jump_rule)

    def _add_chain(self, port, direction):
        super(OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver, self)._add_chain(port,
                                                                direction)
        if direction in [firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION,
                         firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION]:
            self._add_raw_chain_rules(port, direction)

    def _remove_chain(self, port, direction):
        super(OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver, self)._remove_chain(port,
                                                                   direction)
        if direction in [firewall.INGRESS_DIRECTION,
                         firewall.EGRESS_DIRECTION]:
            self._remove_raw_chain_rules(port, direction)
